Journal: iScience

Article Title: MFAP5 + synovial fibroblasts drive LOX upregulation to promote osteoarthritis progression

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.116286

Figure Lengend Snippet: LOX inhibitor improves MIA-induced joint damage (A) Representative images of H&E staining of rat joint tissues across four groups. Scale bars, 200 μm, n = 4. (B) Picrosirius red staining images of rat joint tissues across four groups. Scale bars, 100 μm. (C–F) Immunohistochemistry of LOX, IL-1β, MFAP5, and FBN1, rat joint tissues across four groups. IOD, integrated optical density. Scale bars, 400 μm, n = 4. Data were presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was calculated using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (A and C–F). ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Picrosirius red staining Kit , Servicebio , Cat# G1078.

Techniques: Staining, Immunohistochemistry

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Sustained release PLGA microspheres loaded with a bone-affinity Bmp2 enhance fracture healing and mitigate heterotopic ossification

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.050

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro validation of D-Bmp2@M osteogenic efficacy and inhibition of ectopic ossification. a. Schematic diagram of the osteoblast-bone Transwell model. Bmp2/D-Bmp2@M microspheres or free Bmp2/D-Bmp2 were loaded in the upper chambers, MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured on two coverslips (one of which was precoated with HA) in the lower compartments, and the medium was refreshed every day for 7 or 14 days. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining were performed at days 7 and 14, respectively. b. Osteogenic differentiation staining: ALP (early-stage, day 7) and ARS (late-stage, day 14) staining. Scale bar: 200 μm. c. ALP activity was quantitatively analyzed using an ALP kit (n = 3 per group). d. Relative quantitative analysis of ARS staining was performed at an OD of 562 nm (n = 3 per group). e. qPCR analysis of Bmp2 signaling-related mRNA in MC3T3-E1 cells (n = 3 per group). f. Schematic diagram of the muscle-bone Transwell model. Bovine bone slices were co-incubated with Bmp2/D-Bmp2@M or free Bmp2/D-Bmp2 in the upper chambers, and C2C12 cells were cultured in the lower chambers and the medium was refreshed every day for 7 days. D-Bmp2 and Bmp2 retention on bone slices and ALP staining of C2C12 cells were analyzed on day 7. g. Representative fluorescence imaging of bone slices incubated with AF647-conjugated anti-Flag antibodies (above) (yellow arrows: bone slice) and C2C12 ALP staining images (below), scale bar: 200 μm. h. AF647-conjugated anti-Flag antibody fluorescence intensity quantification in bone slices (n = 3 per group). i. Quantification of ALP activity in C2C12 cells (n = 3 per group). j. qPCR analysis of Bmp2 signaling-related mRNA in C2C12 cells (n = 3 per group). The data are presented as the means ± SDs. One-way ANOVA was used for multiple comparisons. Significance levels: ns (not significant), ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Calcium nodules were stained with Alizarin Red S staining kit (Beyotime, China) at room temperature for 15 min, and staining conditions were monitored.

Techniques: In Vitro, Biomarker Discovery, Inhibition, Cell Culture, Staining, Activity Assay, Incubation, Fluorescence, Imaging